Bunker Rake
벙커관리
Bunkers require maintenance work such as raking, removal of foreign objects and weeds, and trimming of bunker edges to maintain the beauty and playability of the course.
Bunker management, careful management at least twice a day affects the players
1. Removal of large contaminants: broom or manual work
2. Removal of small contaminants: Blower operation
3. Ride-on bunker rake operation: Sand surface preparation
4. Hand rake rubber rake work: Slope management such as the angle of relief
Bunker Renovation, Bunker Management and Bunker Renovation
A bunker is defined as a hazard created by filling a specific area of a golf course with sand or similar aggregate instead of grass or soil.
Bunkers include sand bunkers , waste bunkers , and grass bunkers , but waste bunkers and grass bunkers are not considered hazards.
Bunkers are installed to impose penalties during the game, but they also serve to define the shape and outline of the course. They are also created to accent the course and create aesthetic beauty.
However, bunkers can be perceived slightly differently by different stakeholders. A golf course builder might talk about bunkers as an aesthetic or strategic element, while a course manager might see them as a money pit that consumes endless budgets and creates work.
Bunker Innovation
Renovation means remodeling, repairing, expanding, or rebuilding part or all of the exterior or interior of a facility to prevent aging or improve functionality without changing the structure.
Bunkers are the most frequently played area after the grass area, but they also have a short life expectancy and are not easy to maintain .
Unless the bunker is removed, periodic improvement work and construction is required to improve its appearance, function, and lifespan.
1. Drainage facilities: Sand erosion should be minimized and economic recovery should be increased through surface drainage paths and maximizing internal drainage capacity.
2. Bunker sand: It is necessary to select sand that can maintain the designed bunker face, maintain an appropriate angle of repose (the maximum angle at which the slope can be maintained in a natural state when sand is piled up), and maintain a drainage rate of 500mm or more per hour.
3. The shape, size, location, and depth of bunkers should be redesigned taking into account the course's strategy, difficulty, and artistic appearance.
4. Management of bunker edges: As the edges change over time due to rainy seasons or frequent human pressure, they are prone to becoming contaminated, so proper edge design and management using grass and dirt are necessary.
5. Selection of drainage layer and liner: Installation of geotextile style fabric liner can help prevent the loss of bunker sand and maintain its shape. Poly-coated gravel or porous concrete or asphalt drainage layer can also form a high-speed drainage layer at the bottom.
Bunker management, careful management at least twice a day affects the players
All sand bunkers are susceptible to contamination due to the accumulation of leaves, branches, dust, and other debris from plants and animals, caused by various factors such as bad weather, wind, and the number of times the sand bunker is played. Therefore, bunker managers must clean all bunkers before the first team leaves in the morning.
Contamination in bunkers is not only unsightly, but over time the sand hardens, damaging the appearance and making it difficult to hit the ball, which can affect play.
Common types of bunkers
1. Fairway Bunker: A bunker located where tee shots mostly land on par 4 and par 5 holes.
-Side bunker-Located on the left and right sides of the fairway
-Cross bunker-Located in the center of the fairway
2. Greenside Bunker: A bunker installed around the green to make shots aimed at the green a little more difficult. A guard bunker.
Bunker Manager
Usually, we arrive at work around 3 a.m. and are divided into two shifts to clean and manage 18 holes. After lunch, we clean the bunkers once more.
9 holes per person: Approximately 3 hours
1. Removal of large contaminants: broom or manual work
2. Removal of small contaminants: Blower operation
3. Ride-on bunker rake operation: Sand surface preparation
4. Hand rake rubber rake work: Slope management such as the angle of relief
Bunkers require maintenance work such as raking, removal of foreign objects and weeds, and trimming of bunker edges to maintain the beauty and playability of the course.
Bunker surface leveling (raking)
Bunker raking is the work of removing players' footprints in bunkers, repairing the erosion caused by rain, and improving the playability. Small bunker raking and bunker edge trimming are done manually with a rubber rake, and for wide areas, a riding rake is used for work efficiency and labor savings.
Bunker raking can be done with varying degrees of intensity depending on the hardness of the bunker sand. Leaf raking or skirt raking is used to soften the top sand, while deep tine raking is used to loosen the bunker sand.
Proper maintenance of sand depth
The USGA recommends bunker sand depths of 10cm to 15cm for the bottom and 5cm to 7cm for the bunker slope. Maintaining these recommended depths reduces bunker slope collapse and allows for normal swings on the sand without digging up the liner or soil layer.
Bunker sand moves downward over time due to rainfall or raking operations. By periodically measuring and redistributing the sand depth, a consistent sand depth is maintained throughout the bunker.
Mowing and edge cutting around bunkers
Bunkers with shallow, long slopes can be managed efficiently using riding mowers, but bunkers with many steep mounds or narrow capes require manual management using small equipment such as mowers and flying mowers.